Reordering

重新排序

(1) A term often used within the framework of transformational grammar to refer to a basic kind of transformational operation. Reordering transformations have the effect of moving constituents from one part of a phrase-marker to another, as in the formation of passive sentences, or the placement of negatives and affixes. An alternative term is movement or permutation. In government-binding theory, reordering involves either adjunction or substitution.

(2) Reordering is also used in transformational analysis of linguistic change, referring to differences in the historical sequence of rules which must be postulated in order to explain the divergences between dialects, forms, etc. The matter has been discussed mainly with reference to phonology, and various types of rule-ordering relationships have been suggested.

（1）在转换语法框架内常用来指一类基本的转换操作。重新排序转换的作用是将组构成分从短语标记的一各部分移至另一部分，如被动式的形成，否定成分和词缀的定位。可替换术语是移位或换位。在管辖与约束理论中，重新排序涉及附接或替换。

（2）这个术语也用于语言演变的转换分析，指为了了解各方言、形式等之间的歧异而必须假设的规则历史序列的差异。有关讨论主要针对音系学，并已提出各种规则序次关系的类型。