Root

根

（1）词根

（2）舌根

（3）根节点；根句

(1) A term often used in linguistics (and traditionally used in historical linguistics) as part of a classification of the kinds of element operating within the structure of a word. A root is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. Putting this another way, it is that part of the word left when all the affixes are removed. From another point of view, roots are sometimes classified as ‘simple’ or ‘complex’/ ‘compound’, though for the latter the term stem is commonly used. From a semantic point of view, the root generally carries the main component of meaning in a word. From a historical viewpoint, the root is the earliest form of a word, though this information is not relevant to a synchronic analysis.

(2) The furthest-back part of the tongue, opposite the pharyngeal wall, not normally involved in the production of speech sounds; also called the radix. It is, however, involved in advanced tongue root articulation - a movement which expands the front-back diameter of the pharynx, used phonologically in some languages as a factor in contrasts of vowel harmony.

(3) In generative grammar, the term is sometimes used to refer to the topmost node in a tree diagram. In non-linear phonology, the root node is the one which dominates all other features in the hierarchy. In transformational grammar it also refers to a type of transformation which applies only to full sentence structure and not to embedded sentences.

（1）语言学常用术语（传统上用于历史语言学），指词结构的一类成分。词根是词的基础形式，不能再作进一步分析，不然就完全失去其个性。换句话说，词根是将词内的词缀都拿掉后剩下的部分。从另一个角度，词根有“简单”和“复杂/复合”之分，前者不可再分析成若干组成语素，后者是几个简单词根的某种组合，不过常用词干称之。从语义的角度看，词根一般负载词的主要意义部分。从历史角度看，词根是词的最早形式，虽然这一信息与共时分析的结果相一致。

（2）舌最靠后的部位，对着咽腔壁，通常不用于语音的产生；也称作radix。但是提前的舌根发音动作要涉及舌根，这个动作扩展咽的前后直径，在有些语言中是元音和谐对立的一个区别性因素。

（3）生成语法有时用来指树形图中的顶端节点。在非线性音系学中，根节点是层级中统制所有其他特征的一个节点。在转换语法中，也指一类只适用于完整句子结构不适用于嵌套句的转换。