Seme

义子

A term used by some European linguists (e.g. Eugen Coseriu (1921—2002)), to refer to minimal distinctive semantic features operating within a specific semantic field, e.g. the various defining properties of cups v. glasses, such as ‘having a handle’, ‘made of glass’. In this approach, semes contrast with classmes, which are features of a much more general kind, e.g. ‘male’, ‘animate’.

有些欧洲语言学家（如尤金·高赛优（1921—2002））用来指在某一特定语义场内起作用的最小区别性语义特征，例如区别cups“杯子”和glasses“玻璃杯”的各种定义特性，如“带把儿”、“玻璃材料”等。按照这种方法，义子与类义子对立，后者是一般性质的特征，如“男性”、“有生”等。