Simple

简单

A term sometimes used in grammatical classification, especially of verb forms, referring to the unmarked member of an opposition, e.g. ‘simple present’=the non-progressive aspect of the present-tense form; ‘simple tense’=a verb without any auxiliaries; ‘simple past’=the past-tense form of the verb without auxiliary modification. The term tends to be avoided in contemporary linguistics because of its undesirable psychological associations, but the oppositions between simple and complex/compound sentences, and compound/complex predicates are often used.

有时作语法分类的术语，特别给动词形式分类，指对立形式中的无标记项，例如“简单现在时”=现在时形式的非进行体；“简单时”=不带助动词的动词形式；“简单过去时”=不带助动词的动词过去时形式。当代语言学一般回避使用这一术语，因为它引起不可取的心理联想，但有时仍使用简单句与复杂/复合句、简单谓语与复合/复杂谓语的对立。