Situational

情景的

In linguistics, this term is generally used to refer to the extralinguistic setting in which an utterance takes place - referring to such notions as number of participants, level of formality, nature of the ongoing activities, and so on. Linguistic emphasizes the need to study language in its situation, for a full statement of meaning to be obtained. Sociolinguistics is primarily concerned to correlate systematic variations in language with variations in social situation; and the term ‘situation’ may be used in a restricted sense to refer to the socially distinctive characteristics of the setting in which language is used. The situational meaning of an utterance, in this sense, would be equivalent to its sociolinguistic interpretation, e.g. religious, political, informal ‘situations’.

语言学中这一术语一般用来指说出一个话段时语言外的背景，即指参与者的数目、正式性程度、正在进行的活动的性质等概念。语言学强调，为了对意义做出完整说明，有必要将语言置于情景中来研究。社会语言学主要关心语言内的系统变异与社会情景变异之间的对应关系；“情景”一词因此可按狭义理解，指语言使用背景中的社会性区别特征。这种涵义上的一个话段的情景意义相当于这个话段的社会语言学意义，如宗教、政治、非正式“情景”的意义。