Standard

标准[语]

A term used in sociolinguistics to refer to a prestige variety of language used within a speech community. “Standard languages / dialects / varieties’ cut across regional differences, providing a unified means of communication, and thus an institutionalized norm which can be used in the mass-media, in teaching the language to foreigners, and so on. The natural development of a standard language in a speech community (or an attempt by a community to impose one dialect as a standard) is known as standardization.

社会语言学术语，指一个言语社会内使用的一种高声望的语言变体。“标准语言/方言/语言变体”超越地域差异，提供一个统一的信递手段，因而也是一种制度化的规范，可用于大众传播媒介，向外国人教授语言等。一个言语社会中一种标准语的自然形成（或社会将一种方言确定为标准语）称作标准语化。