Traditional

传统的

A term used in linguistics, often pejoratively, in relation to grammar (traditional grammar) to refer to the set of attitudes, procedures and prescriptions characteristic of the prelinguistic era of language study, and especially of the European school grammars of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The emphasis on such matters as correctness, linguistic purism, literary excellence, the use of Latin models and the priority of the written language characterizes this approach, and is in contrast with the concern of linguistics for descriptive accuracy (appropriateness, criteria of analysis, comprehensiveness, explicitness, etc.). On the other hand, several basic concepts of contemporary grammatical analysis have their origins in pre-twentieth-century linguistic traditions, such as the notions of hierarchy, universals and word classification. The term ‘traditional’, too, has been applied to the major descriptive accounts of grammar in handbook form produced by several North European grammarians in the early twentieth century (e.g. Otto Jespersen’s Modern English Grammar on Historical principles (1909-40)) and even, these days, to the early period of generative grammar.

语言学中这个术语跟语法相关（传统语法），常带有贬低的含义，指体现语言研究的前语言学时代特点的一套态度、程序和规定，特别指18和19世纪各种欧洲学派的语法。这类语法的特点包括：强调正确性、纯语主义、文学至上这类观点，采用拉丁语法模型和注重书面语等；与之相反，语言学关心的是描写的精确性（得体性、分析的标准、全面性、明确性等）。另一方面，当代语法分析的一些基本概念都源自20世纪前的语言研究传统，如层级、共相、词类等。“传统的”也用来指20世纪初由北欧一些语法学家编写的主要的描写性语法手册（如奥托·叶斯帕森的《基于历史原则的现代英语语法》（1909-1940），甚至当今还用来指早期的生成语法。