Timing

定时

时标[音层]

(1) This general term is applied in phonetics and psycholinguistics to the temporal constraints on the articulation and sequencing of sounds in speech production. Timing phenomena are therefore of relevance for an understanding of both segmental and suprasegmental phonetics and phonology: timing is involved in the co-ordination of musculature required to produce an individual sound, in the programming of phonotactic sequences, and in such notions as rhythm and intonation.

(2) The term is also found in some hierarchical models of phonology, as the name of a tier of representation (though its application varies among theories). In particle phonology, for example, the timing tier represents syllable weight (moras). In autosegmental phonology it describes a specific conception of the skeletal tier.

（1）语音学和心理语言学用这个通用名称指言语产生过程中对语音的发音和定序施加的时间制约。定时现象因此与音段和超音段语音学和音系学的研究都有关系：肌肉动作的协调需要定时才能发出一个个音，音位组配序列的编程、节奏和语调的控制也需要定时。

（2）有些音系学的层级模型用来指一个表征音层（但具体所指随理论而异）。例如，粒子音系学中，时标层表示音节音重（莫拉）；自主音段音系学中则指骨架层这个特定概念。