Stative

静态的

A term used in grammatical classification referring to one of two main aspectual categories of verb use, the other being dynamic. The distinguishing criteria for stativity are mainly stytactic; for example, stative, static or state verbs do not usually occur in a progressive form, nor in the imperative. On semantic grounds, they can be said to express states of affairs, rather than actions, i.e. the expression of relational processes or of inactive perceptual or cognitive processes. The classification is complicated by the existence of verbs which have both a stative and a dynamic use.

语法分类用来指动词使用的两大体范畴之一，与动态的对立。区别静态性的标准主要是句法标准；例如静态动词或状态动词一般没有进行体形式，也没有祈使式。从语义上讲，静态动词表示事态而不是活动，即表示关系或静止的知觉或认知过程。这种两分法由于存在有静态和动态两种用法的动词而变得复杂化。