Stop

塞音

A term used in the phonetic classification of speech sounds on the basis of their manner of articulation. It refers to any sound which is produced by a complete closure in the vocal tract, and thus traditionally includes the class of plosives. Both nasal and oral sounds can be classified as stops, though the term is usually reserved for the latter. A distinction is sometimes made between ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ stops, depending on whether the closure is made at one place or at two places simultaneously. Other classification of stop consonants involve taking into account the direction of airflow, whether ingressive or egressive: ‘ingressive stops’ are often referred to as suction stops, ‘egressive stops’ are pressure stops. 

语音学按发音方式给语音分类的术语，指声道完全闭塞发出的任何一个音，因此传统上包括破裂音类。鼻音和口腔音都可划入塞音，但塞音通常用来指后者。有时区分“简单”和“复杂”塞音，取决于闭塞发生在一个部位还是同时发生在两个部位。塞辅音的其他分类涉及气流的方向，是内吸还是外呼：“内吸塞音”常称作吸塞音，“外呼塞音”常称作挤压塞音。