Superstratum

上位层

A term used in sociolinguistics and historical linguistics to refer to a linguistic variety or set of forms which has influenced the structure or use of a less dominant variety or language within a community. A linguistic superstratum is usually the result of political, economic or cultural dominance, as illustrated by the influence of English, French, Arabic, etc., on the languages of the world at various periods in history. One of the most noticeable features of superstratal influence is the increased use of loan words.

社会语言学和历史语言学术语，指一种语言变体或一组形式，它已影响一个社会内不占主导地位的变体或语言的结构或用法。语言上位层通常是政治、经济或文化上占主导地位的结果，如历史上不同时期英语、法语、阿拉伯语等对世界其他语言的影响。上位层语言的影响，最明确的特征之一是使用的借词增多。