Sonority

音响，响度

A term in auditory phonetics for the overall loudness of a sound relative to others of the same pitch, stress and duration. Sounds are said to have an ‘inherent sonority’, which accounts for the impression of a sound’s ‘carrying further’. In a sonority scale, or sonority hierarchy, the most sonorous elements are assigned the highest value, and the least sonorous the lowest value. The centre of a syllable (the syllabic nucleus) is defined as the place where sonority is greatest (the sonority peak). Patterns of sonority sequence have been noted, leading to such observations as the sonority sequencing generalization: in any syllable, there is a segment constituting a sonority peak which is preceded and/or followed by a sequence of segments with progressively decreasing sonority values. The notion of visual sonority is used in the phonological analysis of the various features of sign language.

听觉语音学术语，指一个音相对其他音高、重音和音延相同的音的总体响度。语音各有其所谓的“固有音响”，能解释有的音“传得远”的印象。在音响阶或音响层级中，最响的成分指派有最高值，最不响的成分指派有最低值。音节的中心（节核）定义为音响最高的位置（音响峰）。研究者已注意到存在音响序列型式，从而导致音响定序概括这样的观察结果：任何一个音节中有一个音段构成音响峰，前头和/或后头跟着一个音响值逐渐下降的音段序列。视觉响度的概念用于手势语各种特征的音系分析。