Source

源

（1）声源

（2）声源

（3）源点

（4）源语

（5）源语

(1) A term used in the phrase source feature to refer to one of the five main dimensions of classification in Chomsky and Halle’s distinctive feature theory of phonology (the others being major class features, cavity features, manner-of-articulation features, and prosodic feature). The term subsumes the feature oppositions of heightened subglottal pressure, voice and strident.

(2) In acoustic phonetics, source refers to the waveform of the vibrating larynx. Its spectrum is rich in harmonics, which gradually decrease in amplitude as their frequency increases. The various resonance chambers of the vocal tract, especially the movements of the tongue and lips, then act on the laryngeal source in the manner of a filter, reinforcing certain harmonics relative to others. The combination of these two elements is known as the source-filter model of vowel production.

(3) In the study of communication, source refers to a point of origin of a message, as opposed to its ‘destination’. More specifically, in semantics, the term is used a s part of a localistic theory of meaning: an entity takes a ‘path’ from a ‘source’ to a ‘goal’. In case grammar, it refers to the place from which something moves.

(4) In historical linguistics, the term is used to characterize a language from which a particular feature (such as a loan word) comes (the ‘source language’); the receiving language is known as the ‘matrix’ language.

(5) In translating and interpreting, the term describes the language from which a message originates (the ‘source language’); the ‘target language’ is the one into which the translation takes place.

（1）用在短语声源特征中，指乔姆斯基和哈勒在其音系学的区别特征理论中分出的五大维度之一（其余四个是主要音类特征，腔特征，发音方式特征，韵律特征）。声源特征包括声门下增压、嗓音和粗糙音等特征对立。

（2）声学语音学术语，指喉振动时的波形。其频谱多谐波，随频率增高而逐渐降低。声道的各个共鸣腔，特别是舌和双唇的运动以过滤器的方式作用于喉声源，使某些谐波相对其他谐波得到增强。这两个成分结合起来称作元音产生的声源过滤模型。

（3）研究信递时“源点”指一个消息的起源，与“终点”相对。语义学中，这一术语具体用于意义的方位主义观：一个实体取一“路径”，从“源点”到达“目标”。在格语法中，“源点”指某物移动的开始处所。

（4）历史语言学术语，指某一特征（如某一借词）来自某一语言，这种语言就叫“源语”；接受这一特征的语言称作“基语”。

（5）书面和口头翻译中，“源语”指某一信息的来源语言；翻译成的那种语言称作“目标语”。