Vernacular

土话，本地话

A term used in sociolinguistics to refer to the indigenous language or dialect of a speech community, e.g. the vernacular of Liverpool, Berkshire, Jamaica, etc. The study of African-American Vernacular English (or Black English) in the United States has been the focus of several linguistic studies since the 1960s. Pidgin languages are sometimes called contact vernaculars. Vernaculars are usually seen in contrast to such notions as Standard, Lingua Franca, etc.

社会语言学术语，指一个言语社会的本土语言或方言，例如利物浦、伯克郡、牙买加等地的土话。自本世纪60年代以来，对美国“黑人英语”或“非洲裔美国英语”的研究成为多项语言学研究的重点。皮钦语有时也称作交往土话。土话通常被认为与标语语、法递语等对立。