Word And Paradigm

（WP）词与词形变化

A morphological model of description which sees the word as the basic unit of analysis, operating within a set of variables which constitute a paradigm. This is the traditional model of description, as illustrated from Latin grammars (e.g. amo, amas, amat ... constitutes the paradigm of the lexeme amo). WP is seen as a major alternative to the two other main approaches to morphological analysis: item and process and item and arrangement. In contrast to the traditional use of paradigms in language study, linguistics does not arbitrarily choose one form of a word (the ‘leading form’) as given and derive the rest of the paradigm from this ( the student usually learning it by rote); rather, the aim is to define a common factor (a root or stem) within the paradigm, neutral with respect to the variant forms of the paradigm, and to derive the variant forms from this, e.g. using rules.

指一种形态学描写模型，将词视为基本分析单位，由一组变体构成一个词形变化表。这是传统的描写模型，如各种拉丁语法所示（例如amo，amas，amat...等构成词位amo“爱”的词形变化表。WP被认为与另外两种形态学分析模型相对立：项目与变化，项目与配列。与传统语言研究利用词形变化表的做法相反，当今语言学并不任意选择词的一个形式（“主导形式”）作为给定形式并由此派生词形变化的其他形式，而是在诸变化词形内确定一个公因子（词根或词干），它相对各变体形式是中性的，并通过规则或其他手段派生出各变体形式。