Vocative

呼格，呼语[格]

In languages which express grammatical relationships by means of inflections, this term refers to the case form taken by a noun phrase (often a single noun or pronoun) when it is used in the function of address (including both animate and inanimate entities). English does not make use of the vocative case (‘the vocative’) inflectionally, but expresses the notion using an optional noun phrase, in certain positions, and usually with a distinctive intonation, as in Jane, are you ready?

在用屈折形态表示语法关系的语言里，指名词短语（通常为单个名词或代名词）用作称呼语（包括称呼有生或无生实体）时所带的格形式。英语不用屈折形式表示，而是在某些位置用一个非强制性的名词短语，通常有独特的语调，例如John, are you ready?“约翰，你准备好了吗？”