后疫情时代的中非合作前景光明
A Promising Future for Post-COVID China-Africa Cooperation
驻南非大使陈晓东
Ambassador Chen Xiaodong
2021年01月06日
6 January 2021
去年新冠肺炎疫情突如其来，给世界经济、全球产业链和人员往来造成严重冲击，中非合作同样也受到疫情影响。但近期个别势力趁机炒作中国对非重视度下降及中非合作“退步”论调，严重违背事实，不值一驳。
COVID-19 has caught the world by surprise in 2020. It has dealt a severe blow to the world economy, the global industrial chain and people-to-people exchanges. China-Africa cooperation has also been affected by the virus. However, some forces has recently taken advantage of this situation and hyped up the claims that China is placing less importance on Africa and that China-Africa cooperation is going backwards. It goes without saying that none of these claims are in line with the facts.
中非携手抗疫，卫生健康共同体更加紧密。新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，中非守望相助、并肩抗疫，成功举办中非团结抗疫特别峰会。截至2020年12月初，中国已派出8支医疗专家组和医疗队赴16个非洲国家分享抗疫经验，同42个非洲国家的46个医院建立对口合作机制，向几乎所有非洲国家都提供了急需的抗疫物资援助，并已开工援建非洲疾控中心总部。中方承诺在疫苗研发完成并投入使用后，确保疫苗在发展中国家的可及性和可负担性，并将积极考虑向有需要的非洲国家提供部分疫苗援助，助力非洲国家早日战胜疫情。
China and Africa have joined hands to fight the virus, and the China-Africa community of health for all has emerged stronger. Since the start of COVID-19, China and Africa have stood out for each other and fought the virus side by side. We successfully held the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity Against COVID-19. As of early December, China has sent eight medical expert groups and teams to 16 African countries to share experience in fighting COVID-19, established pairing-up cooperation mechanisms with 46 hospitals in 42 African countries, and provided urgently-needed medical supplies to almost all African countries. The construction of the headquarter of Africa CDC has also kicked off on schedule. China is committed to ensuring the accessibility and affordability of vaccines in developing countries once the they go through the research and development process and are put into use. We will actively consider providing vaccine assistance to African countries in need to help Africa win the battle against the virus at an early date.
中非经贸投资韧性十足，发展共同体更趋深入。虽然受疫情影响，2020年前10个月和前11个月中非贸易额分别同比下降12.17%和10.6%，但降幅正逐月收窄，中国有望连续12年成为非洲最大贸易伙伴国。同时，从中长期趋势看，2019年中非贸易额达到2087亿美元，中国对非直接投资存量491亿美元，较20年前分别增长了20倍和100倍。中非贸易额占非洲对外贸易总额的比例稳步上升，从2017年的12.9%升至2019年的14.7%。中国拥有14亿人口和超过4亿中等收入群体，未来10年累计商品进口额有望超过22万亿美元，非洲将在中国这个全球最具潜力大市场中更多受益。
China-Africa trade and investment cooperation is resilient, and the China-Africa community of development for all achieved further growth. Although, with COVID-19, the trade volume between China and Africa dropped by 12.17 percent and 10.6 percent year-on-year in the first 10 and 11 months of this year respectively, the decline is narrowing month by month and China is expected to become Africa’s top trading partner for 12 years in a row. In a medium to long-term analysis, China-Africa trade volume reached 208.7 billion US dollars in 2019 and China’s accumulated FDI in Africa reached 49.1 billion US dollars, up 20 times and 100 times respectively from 20 years ago. The share of China-Africa trade in Africa’s total foreign trade is steadily increasing, from 12.9 percent in 2017 to 14.7 percent in 2019. With a population of 1.4 billion and over 400 million middle-income earners, China’s total import in goods are expected to exceed 22 trillion US dollars in the coming decade, and Africa will benefit even more from China, which is the world’s most promising large market.
值得一提的是，疫情期间，中国企业利用各类数字合作平台，通过线上推介会、直播带货等方式帮助非洲特色产品对华出口。埃塞俄比亚、卢旺达等国产品得以通过跨境电商平台直面中国消费者。2020年5月卢旺达3000包大猩猩咖啡在淘宝直播间一秒钟即被扫光。2020年11月举办的第三届中国国际进口博览会累计意向成交总额726.2亿美元，其中向亚洲、非洲、拉美发展中国家意向采购金额较第二届进博会增长一倍以上,南非签约再创新高。
It is worth noting that during the pandemic, Chinese enterprises used digital platforms such as online promotion activities and live streaming to help Africa export more of its specialty products to China. Cross-border e-commerce platforms such as Alibaba Group’s World Electronic Trade Platform (eWTP) has given products from Ethiopia, Rwanda and other countries direct access to Chinese consumers. In May last year, 3,000 packages of Gorilla’s Coffee from Rwanda were swept up in a second on Taobao Live. The third China International Import Expo held in November last year achieved a total intended turnover of 72.62 billion US dollars. Purchases from developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America totaled an intended turnover more than double the amount of the second CIIE, among which South Africa also signed a new record high amount of contract, with a total value of more than 210 million US dollars.
中非高质量共建“一带一路”，各领域合作“硕果累累”。中国在非洲建设铁路、公路、港口和电力设施，援建医疗设施、体育馆和学校。非盟会议中心、蒙内铁路、马普托大桥等承载着非洲国家“世纪梦想”的工程纷纷落成。中非近期共同签署《中华人民共和国政府与非洲联盟关于共同推进“一带一路”建设的合作规划》，为双方高质量共建“一带一路”注入了新动能。
China and Africa have jointly pursued high-quality Belt and Road cooperation with fruitful results in various fields. China has built more than 6,000 kilometers of railroads and 6,000 kilometers of highways, nearly 20 ports, more than 80 large-scale power facilities, more than 130 medical facilities, 45 stadiums and more than 170 schools in Africa. The African Union Conference Center, the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway, the Maputo-Katembe Bridge and other China-assisted projects that bear the “dream of a century” of African countries have been completed. A cooperation plan between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the African Union on jointly promoting the building of the Belt and Road Initiative has been signed recently, which injected fresh impetus for high-quality Belt and Road cooperation between the two sides.
为帮助非洲经济抵御疫情影响，中国已同非洲12国签署缓债协议，减免15国2020年底到期无息贷款，并积极推动国际社会特别是二十国集团（G20）进一步延长缓债期限。中国进出口银行作为双边官方债权人，已同11个非洲国家签署缓债协议。
To help African economies address the impact of COVID-19, China has signed debt relief agreements with 12 African countries, exempted interest-free loans to 15 countries due at the end of 2020, and actively encouraged the international community, especially the G20, to further extend the debt relief period. The Export-Import Bank of China, as the bilateral official creditor, has signed debt relief agreements with 11 African countries.
同时，习近平主席在第75届联合国大会期间提出中国二氧化碳排放于2030年前达峰和2060年前实现碳中和的目标。美国企业公共政策研究所（AEI）数据显示，2020年上半年，中国在“一带一路”国家可再生能源投资占比超过化石能源。中非共建“绿色丝绸之路”前景可期。
President Xi Jinping also proposed during the 75th UN General Assembly that China aims to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. According to the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy (AEI), China invested more in renewable energy than fossil energy in Belt and Road countries in the first half of 2020. The prospect of building a Green Silk Road between China and Africa is promising.
中非和安合作深入推进，助力非洲“消弭枪声”。中国在联合国安理会同包括南非在内的3个非洲成员建立了“3+1”协调机制，积极支持南非履职安理会轮值主席，在道义上政治上坚定支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题。
China-Africa peace and security cooperation has been further promoted to help “silencing the guns” in Africa. China has established a “3+1” coordination mechanism with three African members of the UN Security Council, including South Africa. We actively support South Africa’s rotating presidency of the Security Council, and firmly support Africans morally and politically to address African issues in the African way.
中方积极落实向非盟提供1亿美元无偿军事援助，支持非洲常备军和快速反应部队建设，并通过多双边渠道向萨赫勒五国联合部队提供无偿军援，协助维护萨赫勒地区稳定。2100多名中国维和人员正在6项联合国在非洲维和行动中执行任务，为维护非洲的安全与稳定、提升其自主安全能力作出了重要贡献。
China is making good on its pledged free military aid of 100 million US dollars to the AU. We supported the building of African permanent and rapid response forces and provided free military aid to the Joint Force of the Group of Five of the Sahel through multilateral and bilateral channels to help maintain stability in the Sahel region. More than 2,100 Chinese peacekeepers are performing duties in six UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, making an important contribution to maintaining security and stability in Africa and enhancing Africa’s security capacity.
2021年中非合作论坛（FOCAC）高级别会议蓄势待发，将开启后疫情时代中非共建更加紧密的命运共同体新篇章。今年是中国推进“十四五”规划的开局之年，中方将加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。非洲国家将正式启动自贸区建设，全力落实非盟《2063年议程》第一个十年规划。中非深化合作面临新的重大机遇。中方愿与非方共同做好新一届FOCAC会议的筹备和成果设计，推动中非合作向健康卫生、复工复产、改善民生领域倾斜，同非洲拓展数字经济、智慧城市、清洁能源、5G等新业态合作，继续支持非洲基础设施建设和工业化进程，支持非洲大陆自贸区建设，深化自由贸易合作和产业链供应链联通，共同商讨应对气候变化的战略合作框架等等。
The high-level FOCAC meeting in 2021 is on track to open a new chapter of building a closer China-Africa community with a shared future post COVID-19. Next year is the opening year of China’s 14th Five-Year Plan. China will step up efforts to foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. African countries will officially launch the AfcFTA and make every effort to implement the first ten-year implementation plan of AU Agenda 2063. China and Africa face new and significant opportunities to deepen cooperation. China is ready to work with Africa to prepare for the coming FOCAC session, better plan the outcomes, further promote China-Africa cooperation in health, resumption of work and production and improvement of people’s livelihoods and expand cooperation with Africa in the digital economy, smart cities, clean energy, 5G and other new industries. We are ready to continue our support for Africa’s infrastructure development and industrialization, support the building of AfcFTA, deepen free trade cooperation and connection between our industrial and supply chains. We are also ready to discuss with Africa a strategic cooperation framework to address climate change, among others.
事实证明，那些刻意炒作中非关系与合作“退步”的人，刻意回避中非合作成果，无视自身国家对非合作更多下滑的事实，实质上是“酸葡萄”心理在作祟，其目的是离间中非关系、破坏中非合作。但中非人民的眼睛是雪亮的，中非合作成果不容抹杀，中非关系更不容诋毁，也诋毁不了。
It has been proved that those who seek to sensationalize the downturn of China-Africa relations and cooperation deliberately turned a blind eye to the achievements of our cooperation and ignored the fact that their own countries’ input with Africa has declined drastically. Their claims are nothing but sour grapes, and their aim is to drive a wedge into China-Africa relations and undermine China-Africa cooperation. However, the Chinese and African peoples can clearly tell right from wrong. Nothing and nobody can erase the achievements of China-Africa cooperation or denigrate China-Africa relations.
目前中非合作受疫情影响只是暂时的，患难与共的中非友谊历久弥坚，互利共赢的中非合作永不止步。今年中国有望成为唯一实现正增长的主要经济体，非洲也在积极推动经济复苏与重建，相信后疫情时代的中非合作前景更加光明、潜力更加巨大，中非更加紧密的命运共同体将结出更多硕果。
The truth is, the impact of the virus on China-Africa cooperation is only temporary. China-Africa friendship has been standing strong for a long time, and our win-win cooperation will never stop. China is expected to be the only major economy with positive growth this year. Africa is also actively promoting economic recovery and reconstruction. We believe that China-Africa cooperation post COVID-19 will have brighter prospects and greater potential, and a closer China-Africa community with a shared future will bear more fruits.