Reference

指称

In grammatical analysis, a term often used to state a relationship of identity which exists between grammatical units. When the reference is to an earlier part of the discourse, it may be called back-reference; correspondingly, reference to a later part of the discourse may be called forward-reference. In switch reference languages, the verb indicates whether the subjects of successive clauses are the same or different.

语法分析中，术语指称常用来说明语法单位之间存在的一种等同关系。如果指称对象是话语中前面一个部分，就称作“回指”，如果指的是话语中后面一个部分，就称作“后指”。在变指语言中，动词表明相继小句的主语是否相同。