Suprasegmental

超音段[的]

A term used in phonetics and phonology to refer to a vocal effect which extends over more than one sound segment in an utterance, such as a pitch, stress or juncture pattern. In its contrast with ‘segmental’, it is seen as one of two main classes into which phonological units can be divided. In American structuralist theories, suprasegmentals were analysed as phonemes and sequences of such features as morphemes, but not all phonologists analyse these features in emic terms. Alternative terms are plurisegmental, non-segmental and superfix.

语音学和音系学用来指覆盖话语中不止一个音段的发声效应，如音高、重音、音渡型式等。“超音段”与“音段”一起被视为音系单位两个主要的对立语类。在美国结构主义理论中，超音段被分析为音位，超音段序列被分析为语素，但并非所有的音系学家都用位来分析这类特征。可替换术语有跨音段、非音段和超音缀。