Taxeme

法素

A term introduced by Leonard Bloomfield, on analogy with the phoneme, to refer to a single minimal feature of grammatical arrangement. Examples of taxemes include word-order, concord, the grammatical use of pitch, and the constituents of the actor-action-goal relationship. Combinations of taxemes, occurring as a conventional grammatical unit, are tactic forms. Taxemes are distinguished in this approach from tagmemes, which are the smallest meaningful units of grammatical form.

美国语言学家伦纳德·布龙菲尔德仿照音位引入的一个术语，指语法配列的最小单一特征。法素的例子有词序、一致关系、音高的语法功用、动作者-行动-目标关系的组构成分等。以约定俗成的语法单位出现的法素组合称作组配形式，这种理论中的法素区别于法位，后者是语法形式最小的有意义的单位。