Substitution

替换

A term used in linguistics to refer to the process or result of replacing one item by another at a particular place in a structure. In grammar, the structural context within which this replacement occurs is known as a substitution frame. The set of items which can be used paradigmatically at a given place is known as a substitution class. A word which refers back to a previously occurring element of structure may be called a substitute word. In government-binding theory, substitution is one of the two main types of movement process (the other being adjunction); it involves the moved category replacing an empty category of the same kind in accordance with the structure-preserving constraint. In language teaching, exercises to improve the ability of learners to carry out a process of item replacement are known as substitution drills (or ‘pattern drills’).

语言学用来指一个结构内的某一个位置用一个语项替代另一个的过程或结果。语法中发生这类替换的结构上下文称作替换框，可填入某一框内的有聚合关系的一组语项称作替换类。一个回指前面出现过的某一结构成分的词可称作替换词。在管辖与约束理论中，替换是两大类移位之一（另一类是附接）；它指被移语类按照结构保持制约取代一个同类的空语类。在语言教学中，为提高学习者这种替换能力的练习称作替换练习或“型式”练习。