Subjunctive

虚拟式

A term used in the grammatical classification of sentence types, and usually seen in contrast to indicative, imperative, etc., moods. In modern English, the examples which come nearest to the subjunctive occur in ‘hypothetical’ constructions of the type if she were going (cf. if she was going), in certain formulae (e.g. So be it!), and in some clauses introduced by that (especially in American English, e.g. I insist that he go to town).

语法给句子分类的术语，通常视为与直陈、祈使等式对立。指多种从属小句采用的动词形式或句子/小句类型，用来表达各种态度，包括假定、不确定、不肯定等。现代英语中最接近于虚拟式的例子是有如if she were going “要是她真去的话”（实际不去，比较if she was going“要是她去”）这类“假设”构式，某些惯用语（例如So be it！“就那样吧”），某些以that引出的小句（特别用于美国英语，如I insist that he go to town“我坚持他应进城”。